Understanding Situational Mutism & Ways to Provide Support.

What is Situational Mutism?

Situational Mutism, also known as Selective Mutism, is an anxiety-based mental health disorder which usually begins in early childhood. It is often referred to as a “speech phobia”. 

It happens when a child speaks comfortably in some situations, such as at home with family, but stays consistently silent in others, such as in school or public places.

Selective Mutism can often be confused with or dismissed as shyness, which means it can easily go unnoticed. However, Situational Mutism is a diagnosable mental health disorder that can cause severe distress to the child experiencing it. 

It can result in serious disruption to daily life. For example, a child not being able to ask their teacher to use the bathroom or answer a question when asked in class. 

There is no one cause for Situational Mutism, but new environments, social anxiety, or not being understood due to a speech difficulty could present themselves as triggers. However, it’s important to remember that every child is different.

How to Support a Child with Situational Mutism.

1. Don’t pressure them to speak. 

Directly addressing and looking at a child with Situational Mutism can cause real distress. Instead, provide opportunities for them to speak without obligation to respond. 

2. Use comments instead of questions. 

Questions can put a child under pressure. Instead, try to comment on what they’re doing rather than asking questions about it. For example, “Do you like drawing?” could be rephrased to, “It looks like you enjoy drawing.”

3. Accept all forms of communication. 

Although a child may not use mouth words, they can share their thoughts in other ways. Watch out for head movements, finger pointing or gestures and accept that these are valid ways to communicate. This will help the child to feel safe and understood. 

4. Build confidence in other areas. 

Ensure to include the child in all activities. If they show an interest or skill in a certain area, encourage them to continue exploring this. By doing so, the child will begin to feel confident in their abilities. 

5. Learn more about Situational Mutism. 

Education is the best way to stay informed and continue to show your support. Various resources are available on the topic of Situational Mutism. The Selective Mutism Association offers a wealth of information for families, educators, and other professionals.

Resources: 

Frequently Asked Questions | Selective Mutism Association

Selective Mutism (IASLT)